<p>Haviland-Davison Grist Mill is a historic grist mill located at East Rockaway in Nassau County, New York. It was restored and relocated to its present site in Memorial Park in 1963. It was built about 1689 and is a -story, T-shaped, timber-frame building. The original section has one large addition and two smaller wings attached to each side.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The mill is now known as the East Rockaway Grist Mill Museum and features artifacts and displays of local history.</p><br>
<p>Granada Towers is a historic apartment building located at Long Beach in Nassau County, New York. It was designed in 1929 in the Spanish Revival style. It consists of three connected towers, each seven stories tall. It is built of orange-brown brick with terra cotta and stucco trim. The entry has terra cotta pilasters, with spindle shafts and composite capitals.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Milo Public Library is located at 121 Main Street in Milo, Maine, USA. It is located in a small, architecturally distinguished building, built with funding assistance from Andrew Carnegie. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Milo Public Library is set on a triangular lot in the main village of Milo, bounded by Park Street, Pleasant Street, and Milo Town Hall. It is a small rectangular brick building on a tall foundation, with a gable-on-hip roof. Its main facade faces west, and has sash windows in the leftmost bays, and a round-arched opening for the entrance on the right. The door is topped by a semicircular fanlight, and is accessed by concrete steps. The basement level is set off from the main level by a brick stringcourse, and there are smaller windows providing illumination to that level below those on the main level. The interior is arranged with the circulation desk and office in the southern end, with a shelf-lined reading room occupying the remaining space. There is a second reading room in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Milos first library was a "traveling library" organized in 1902 by local members of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). It was housed in a private residence until 1909, when it was given space in the local Odd Fellows hall. The WCTU Public Library Association was established at that time, and secured a $10,000 grant from the Carnegie Corporation in 1921. The town agreed to provide land for the library and funding for its maintenance. The building is a modified version of a Type F Carnegie library plan, its modifications designed by Bangor architect Frank A. Paterson, and was completed in 1922.</p><br>
<p>A. T. Stewart Era Buildings is a national historic district located at Garden City in Nassau County, New York. It consists of a thematic group of 50 residential, commercial, religious, and civic structures built as original elements of the planned community of Garden City between 1871 and 1893. They were built as part of the plan for Garden City devised originally by Alexander Turney Stewart . Included are 44 residences built between 1871 and 1878 and range in scale from modest cottages to large, rambling, three story frame "villas." Other buildings are: 53-55 Hilton Avenue commercial block , Garden City Water Works , Cathedral of the Incarnation Complex , St. Paul&#39;s School , Cathedral School of St. Mary </p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Apostle Houses</h2><br>
<p>The Apostle houses are unique to Garden City. There were originally ten. These homes were part of Alexander Stewart&#39;s dream of a planned community with wide avenues and hundreds of trees and shrubs. Most of the Apostle houses that still stand today are residences, except one which houses the Garden City Historical Society. All are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the A.T. Stewart Era Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The houses are designed with mansard roofs and cupolas. Typically there are sixteen rooms: six bedrooms, five baths and two half baths. The houses also have servant&#39;s quarters. Characteristically, there are twelve foot ceilings and beautiful moldings.</p><br>
<p>Three homes have been torn down and one home has burned down since the original construction in the 19th century. Out of ten original homes only six remain.</p><br>
<h3>Original locations</h3><br>
<p>Hilton Ave. and Stewart Ave.</p><br>
<p>Hilton Ave. and Seventh St.</p><br>
<p>Hilton Ave. and Fifth St.</p><br>
<p>Hilton Ave. and Fifth St.</p><br>
<p>Cathedral Ave. and Fourth St.</p><br>
<p>Cathedral Ave. and Fifth St.</p><br>
<p>Cathedral Ave. and Fifth St.</p><br>
<p>Rockaway Ave. and Fourth St.</p><br>
<p>Rockaway Ave. and Third St.</p><br>
<p>Rockaway Ave. and Second St.</p><br>
<h3>Current locations and changes</h3><br>
<p>Three of the four houses built on Hilton Ave have been torn down. The fourth Hilton Ave house, located on 40 Hilton Ave, had a kitchen extension in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The sixth home, originally on located Cathedral Ave and Fifth St, burned down.</p><br>
<p>The seventh home, originally on located Cathedral Ave and Fifth St was moved twice and is now located on Eleventh Street. Originally, the house was owned by the Episcopal Cathedral of the Incarnation, Garden City, and used as the grammar school for the Cathedral School of St Marys. It was known as "Little St. Marys. The Cathedral of the Incarnation went bankrupt and closed both St Marys School and St Pauls School. This house was given to the Historical Society and moved to its current location on Eleventh Street.</p><br>
<p>The tenth Apostle house, located at 15 Rockaway Avenue and Second Street, had many renovations and additions which include: central air, remodeled kitchen and basement.</p><br>
<p>The East Williston Village Historic District is a national historic district located in the Incorporated Village of East Williston, in Nassau County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It includes 26 contributing buildings and one contributing site. It encompasses the largely intact 19th and early 20th century residential and commercial core of the village. The earliest extant building is the Willis farmhouse, dated to the early 19th century. The district&#39;s commercial center is Station Plaza, located at the 19th century railroad station.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Mackay Estate Dairyman&#39;s Cottage is a historic house located within the Incorporated Village of East Hills in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mackay Estate Dairymans Cottage was designed about 1902 by architects Warren and Wetmore in an eclectic style. It is a -story frame house with a brick first floor set on a rubble base. It features a steep flaring roof, small dormers with steep roofs, deep projecting eaves, and rows of rectangular windows with flat brackets, giving it a strong Japanese feel. The building was originally a component of Clarence Mackays Harbor Hill Estate. It was later the residence of lyricist Hal David.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is one of three remaining Harbor Hill Estate buildings which were listed at that time – the others being the Mackay Estate Gate Lodge and the Mackay Estate Water Tower.</p><br>
<p>Old Greenville City Hall is a former building in Greenville, South Carolina, originally built as the USA Courthouse and Post Office in 1889 on the corner of Main and Broad Streets. Transferred to the city of Greenville in 1938, it served as the Greenville city hall. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1971, and was removed in 1973 after its demolition.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse and post office was designed by James H. Windrim, who was Supervisory Architect for the United States Department of the Treasury. and built on the site of the home of Colonel David Hoke. The resident architect for the construction was James R. Lawrence, who moved from Port Huron, Michigan, to complete the project.</p><br>
<p>In 1909, James Knox Taylor was the Supervisory Architect for an addition to its north side. More alterations or minor additions were made in 1923, 1924, 1927, 1929, and 1931.</p><br>
<p>The USA Circuit Court for the Western District of South Carolina met here until 1898. The USA District Court for the Western District of South Carolina met here until 1937.</p><br>
<p>The city of Greenville traded the federal government a parcel of land on East Washington Street for the courthouse. After construction of a new post office on that parcel, the building became the Greenville City Hall in 1938.</p><br>
<p>A new city hall was built on an adjoining lot formerly occupied by a Masonic Temple, the Old City Hall was demolished in 1973, and a parking garage was built on its site across Broad Street from the Peace Center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story building was designed in Richardsonian Romanesque style with a red tiled roof, castellated towers, and precast terracotta insets. The foyer had pink marble floors and the staircase that led to the tower was designed with half-turns on its landings. The building has been compared to the Smithsonian Castle.</p><br>
<p>The Woodward Federal Courthouse and Post Office in Woodward, Oklahoma is a Renaissance Revival-style building that was built in 1921. Also known as Woodward Public Schools Administration Building it historically served as a post office and as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Its construction in Woodward was locally held to be important as a signal of success of the town, for its obtaining the Federal spending and the stately building.</p><br>
<p>The Ed Edmondson United States Courthouse, previously called the Muskogee Federal Building- United States Courthouse, is a historic government building in Muskogee, Oklahoma. It was built in 1915 as a post office and federal courthouse. Although it is no longer used as a post office, it is currently in use by several government offices, including the USA Marshals and USA Probation Office as well as the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 as the United States Post Office and Courthouse. It was named in honor of former USA Congressman Ed Edmondson in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The federal building was constructed on a site that was occupied by five simple wood-frame houses on the western edge of the center of town adjacent to several churches and hotels of quality architecture. The building was constructed (completed in 1915) shortly after the statehood in 1907 and prior to the construction of the USA Post Office and Federal Building in nearby Tulsa. When the building opened (public opening November 26, 1915), it was "... the most noted architectural achievement in the state." The construction cost $500,000 and the interior furnishings another $250,000. The building was designed as a United States Post Office and Courthouse (original name) and functioned as a complete federal center for the region. This included, in addition to the post office and court operations, general offices for the Internal Revenue, the Union Indian Agency, and Royalty among others. Judge Ralph E. Campbell presided over the first court session.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<h3>Site</h3><br>
<p>The building occupies the entire block between West Broadway and West Okmulgee Avenues and is bounded by Fifth Street on the front and an alley on the west. The building is set back with granolithic paving, granite steps, grass and shrubs fifteen feet from the sidewalk on three sides. The west (alley) side is developed for loading and vehicular access. The landscaping and steps are contained by a low concrete wall that connects stone pedestals which support cast iron lamps. In plan the original building was proportioned approximately 100 feel by 200 feet. The first level lobby was C-shaped and surrounded the post office workroom (since modified). Upper levels are organized around a loop corridor that circle an open lightwell.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The facades of the building are composed with elements of both the Second Renaissance Revival and Neo Classical styles and were designed to be symmetrical about both axes. All four facades are clad with rectangular, buff colored Indiana Limestone. The building has a distinct Neo-Classic styling and composition unlike other federal buildings under James K. Taylor&#39;s supervision at the time, which were typically Second Renaissance or Beaux Arts styling. The first story is elevated on a base and approached by ceremonial steps in a classican manner on the three entry sides. The front elevation (east) is organized around a central three story decastyle of engaged (pseudo-peripteral) Corinthian columns which rise from the building base. Entry doors occupied the central three bays. The central column bays are flanked on each end by two pilasters which are in turn flanked by a narrow pavilion which is only slightly recessed. The columns and pillasters support a full terra cotta entablature and the fourth story which is topped by a cornice, also of terra cotta. Window and door openings are rectangular with classical ornamentation. A low sloping (not visible from the adjacent street corners) hipped roof (designed as a standing seam copper roof) rises to a peak at the interior lightwell. The brick lightwell is simply detailed with a corresponding cornice and belt cornice above the fifth story windows, and a plain capstone at the roof peak. The end elevations are designed similar to the front but are organized around five bays defined by pilasters rather that the engaged fluted columns. The original rear elevation was designed similar to the end elevations. Portions remain visible (part of the first floor, and fifth floor) and according to construction photographs (1937) much of the former wall may remain intact within the building. All the windows were rectangular wood casements and were typically paired and included transoms. The second and third floor windows within the central column bays on the north and the east are surrounded by a cast grillwork. There are carved stone panels bearing governmental seals above the entryways and on the flanking bays of the front facade at the fourth floor.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior spaces of prime historical significance are the grand marble lobby and stairways, the original courtroom (south side at second floor), and the 1937 courtroom (west side at second floor). The lobby as it currently exists has been severely compromised by the removal of much of the original, and ornate high quality material, and the infill of average office space at the north and south ends. The lobby is organized by the structural bays with the structural columns articulated as marble clad pilasters with ornamental plaster capitals. Beams are clad with ornamental plaster and define the bays of the coffered ornamental plaster ceiling and pendent lighting all of shuch is composed in the classic style. The center entry is flanked by two marble stairways with heavy carved wood balustrades that extend to the forth floor. The 1915 courtroom is a well proportioned two story room in very original condition. The Second Renaissance Revial design contraststo the lobby&#39;s classic styling having groin arched bays at the walls where the ornamental plaster is continued onto the design of the detailed ceiling. The courtroom features stained wood wainscot, built-in court furnishings, and cast bronze wall sconces. The 1937 courtroom, also two story, does not have the rich ornamental plaster but rather a longitudinal barrel vault. This courtroom has similar rich wood detailing and entries. Of secondary importance but of intrinsic historic value are the original corridors at levels 2–4, and public toilet rooms. The corridors have terrazzo flooring that is bordered with marble, plaster walls with marble base and ornamental plaster cornice moulding. Office entries from the corridor make extensive use of the relights use of relights with art glass, transoms, and stained wood moulding. Of the lightwell and corridor relight design the local newspaper lauded that "This will give ample light to every room, in fact each room in the building will have light both from the street and the inside of the corridors". The restrooms are finished similarly with marble partitions, wainscot, and stained wood partition doors. These spaces are largely intact except for the lowered acoustical ceilings.</p><br>
<h3>1937 addition</h3><br>
<p>In 1937 the USA Treasury, with Louis A. Simon as supervising architect, designed the primary addition to the west side of the building. The addition provided covered loading and parking for the post office, added a courtroom on the second floor, and expanded the office space on each floor including the fifth, which was previously a storage area. The addition extended the building 32 feet to the west, changed the symmetry of the building, and reconfigured the west leg of the loop corridor to be double loaded rather than aligned with the lightwell. However, the original design was well respected by the use of the original details and high quality materials and has achieved historical significance in its own right. The original design was an important early use of steel frame construction. The frame was supported by brick and stone exterior walls and was entirely fireproofed with concrete which was also used for the floors and footings. Clay tiles were used as furring behind marble and ornamental plaster and for interior partitions.</p><br>
<p>Currently the building is utilized as a federal building and courthouse. The post office moved to an adjacent new one-story building in 1965. There are now three courtrooms (the third was added by GSA in 1982), court and district attorney offices, FBI, USA Marshals, BIA, and related offices.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church of the Saviour, also known as Memorial Episcopal Church, is a parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. The church is located in Clermont, Iowa, United States. The church building, along with the statue of David Henderson, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Church of the Saviour</h2><br>
<p>The parish was established as the Free Episcopal Mission Church in 1866. The church was built ten years later and it was consecrated by Bishop Henry Washington Lee on December 16, 1870. It is one of three Episcopal churches that were built as a memorial to the two children of Frances Dyer Vinton of Providence, Rhode Island. The other two churches were built in Providence, and in San Gabriel, California. They were all named "Church of the Saviour." Clermont was chosen because of Vinton&#39;s association with Dr. William Lewis who was serving as a captain in the Union Army during the Civil War when they met. The Lewis home was bequeathed to the church for use as a rectory. The church in Providence closed in 1950 and has been torn down and the church in San Gabriel has been significantly altered over the years.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The church building was built of Iowa limestone that was quarried from the Williams Quarry east of Clermont. The architect is unknown, but the stone masonry reflects the work of a master builder. It is a combination of the Romanesque and Italian Villa styles that reflect the romantic and picturesque qualities of mid-19th century architecture. The church building features a three-story tower, bracted eaves, and attached round arch windows. In 1930 a slate roof replaced the cedar shingles that had been put on in 1903. The interior features a barrel-vaulted ceiling, beaded wainscoting, and varnished hardwood pews. The altar and cross were given to the church from the Trinity Church Guild of Middletown, Connecticut. It was given in recognition of the work of Mrs. William Larrabee, Jr., a daughter-in-law of former governor of Iowa William Larrabee.</p><br>
<h2>David Henderson Statue</h2><br>
<p>David B. Henderson was a member of the USA House of Representatives from 1882 to 1902. He represented the people of Iowa&#39;s 3rd congressional district. From 1899 to 1903 he served as Speaker of the USA House of Representatives. Congressman Henderson was the first Speaker of the House west of the Mississippi. Iowa Governor William Larrabee had the statue made and presented to the city of Clermont in his honor. It was designed by New York City sculpture John Massey Rhind, and cast by the Henry Bonnard Bronze Company of New York. The bronze statue stands 7.5 ft tall on its original granite pedestal. The statue was initially located in the center of Mill Street, and it was dedicated June 19–20, 1903 during a reunion of the 12th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment to which Henderson had belonged. The statue was relocated to the church yard in 1937, which compromises its historical integrity. However, it remains an important work of art by a significant 19th-century Scottish-American artist.</p><br>
<p>Central Office Building is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983. It is located in the center of a block with other historic structures. It now houses loft apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Central Office Building was built in two phases. The western half of the building is the oldest section of the structure that began in the 1850s as a brick church. It was remodeled into a 4-story building sometime between 1866 and 1881 by the Woeber Brothers for their carriage production facility and showroom. In 1887, Henry F. Petersen, who owned the J.H.C. Petersens Sons Store on Second and Main Streets, had the carriage building remodeled for a furniture store. Petersen was prominent in wholesale and retail goods in the city and his buildings housed his various interests. In 1904, Gustav Hansen designed the first phase of Petersen’s Central Office Building for $24,000. Two years later Clausen & Clausen designed the second phase. The building was constructed with retail businesses housed on the street level and office space above. Some of the early businesses included Spencer Furniture Company, Schiller Piano Company, and the Huebotter Furniture Company. Multiple retailers continue to fill the street level. Architectural firm Clausen & Kruse, formerly known as Clausen & Clausen, had offices on the third floor of the Central Office Building. The upper floors have subsequently been converted into loft apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is four stories and constructed of brick. The façade is divided into seven bays with three bays on either side of a central bay that contains a stairwell to serve the upper floors. The pier and spandrel facade suggests the buildings structural system, and it was used again in the J.H.C. Petersens Sons Wholesale Building and that was also built by Petersen and designed by Clausen & Clausen. While it appears symmetrical at first closer inspection reveals that it is not. The bays on the west are sized to accommodate groups of three double-hung windows. The bays of the east are narrower and are designed to accommodate a pair of double-hung windows. The building also features pilasters with rolled edges and homed gargoyles that run through the upper elevation of the building. A simple cornice tops the building and raised parapets mark the two portions of the building.</p><br>
<p>The building shows elements of the Victorian and the Chicago Commercial styles. The cornice and the grotesques on the capitals are all Victorian while the expression of the structure in the façade reflects the Commercial.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Berg Building is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1874 by Henry Berg who was a gunsmith. He occupied the retail space until 1910. Other businesses that occupied the storefront include the Hickey Brothers Cigar Store Number 6, Griffins Confectionary, Davenport Brick and Tile Company, Suburban Home Mortgage, and Craton&#39;s Sporting Goods. The upper floors have been divided into apartments. It is one of the last mid-19th century Victorian commercial buildings that remains downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is three stories with a cut corner and two richly detailed facades. It is constructed of brick, and it is considered one of the most visually interesting commercial buildings from Davenport&#39;s mid-Victorian mercantile history. The corner entrance faces the intersection of West Third and Harrison Streets. Both facades feature three bays on the upper stories. The south elevation, which faces Third Street, has three windows in each bay. The west elevation, which faces Harrison Street, has two bays with double windows and one with single windows. The widow heads on the first and second floors are all arched and those on the third floor are flat arched. All the windows feature hoods of turned bricks and keystones. The Romanesque Revival style is found predominantly in the arched windows. It reflects the Rundbogenstil, or round-arched style, that was brought from Europe with German immigrants.</p><br>
<p>The upper stories of the building also feature decorative brickwork, which is the distinctive feature of the building. Turned bricks separate the main floor from the second floor. Paired pilasters with simplified capitals define the bays. The cornice at the top of the building is constructed of turned bricks layered in rows, to create an ornate pattern. The ground floor has been modified over the years.</p><br>
<p>The Building at 202 W. Third Street, also known as the M.D. Petersen Estate Building, is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1916 and designed by the local architectural firm Clausen & Kruse. Prior to this building, the site was occupied by T.W. McClelland Company, which manufactured doors, sashes, and blinds. Businesses that have occupied this building include The Mecca Café and the Colorado Café, multiple cigar retailers including Main Cigar and the United Cigar Stores Co., offices of the Quad City Steamwheelers organization, law offices, Blu Clothing, and the Eastern Iowa Center for Problem Gambling. Other types of commercial enterprises that were housed here include a shoe shop, optical shop, and a candy business. The building was renovated in 2013 and in November, Me & Billy Kitchen and Bar was opened.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a one-story structure on the corner of West Third and Main Streets that was designed to accommodate several businesses at the same time. The building is divided into five bays on the Third Street elevation and six on Main Street. Each elevation is dominated by large display windows. The steel structure, which was just becoming popular at the time, makes these large openings possible. The pilasters mounted on stone pedestals topped with an egg and dart motif suggests the Classical. It becomes more stylized in the cornice, which is highlighted by terra cotta discs and diamonds. The bottom edge of the storefronts also features mosaic tiles.</p><br>
<p>The Missoula County Courthouse is located in Missoula, Montana, in the center of Downtown Missoula. It is located at 200 West Broadway, Missoula Montana. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on September 1, 1976.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story building on an elevated basement, with walls of native sandstone. It was designed by Missoula architect A.J. Gibson and built during 1908-10 by Spokane contractor Williams & Oliver Co. on the site of the previous county courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Zoller Bros-Independent Malting Co. building is located at 1801 W 3rd St, Davenport, IA 52802 on the edge of an industrial area in the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 7, 1983. The 7-page National Register documents can be found by searching for "Zoeller" in the searchable table of the National Register database. In March 2023 Zillow stated the building had an assessed value of $166,000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The beer brewing industry in Davenport got its start after large numbers of German immigrants arrived in Davenport in the 1850s. The larger breweries developed after the end of the American Civil War. Five breweries were functioning in the city: Mathias Frahm and Son, Koehler and Lange (also known as Arsenal Brewery), Littig Brothers (later Mengel and Klindt and Eagle Brewery), Julius Lehrkind&#39;s Brewery and Zoller Brothers. They all distributed their beer mainly in Davenport, Rock Island, Illinois and Moline, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>Brothers Ernest, Herman and Charles Zoeller established the Zoeller Brothers Malt House in the mid-1880s in the Black Hawk area of Davenport&#39;s west end. In 1890 they reopened the Black Hawk brewery their father, Ernst Zoeller Sr., had operated prior. In 1894 all the breweries consolidated into a single corporate structure called The Davenport Malting Company. They built this building in an industrial section of the west end that contained some of the first refrigeration equipment used in the city. As they built new additions on to the plant they closed the older structures. Production reached a high of 75,000 barrels of beer by 1916, and it became the second largest brewery in Iowa.</p><br>
<p>Independent Malting Company was formed in 1896 in the Zoller Brothers building after they had consolidated their operations two years prior with the other companies. Davenport Malting Company was divided into two firms in 1904, Davenport Brewing Co. and Hawkeye Realty Co. Both The Davenport Malting Company and Independent Malting Company closed with national Prohibition in 1916. Over 150 people from both companies lost their jobs. A black market for alcohol took hold in the city until Prohibition was lifted in 1933. Zoller Brewery reopened and began selling beer in May 1935 and by 1941 they grew to become the largest brewery in Iowa. In December 1940 they had expanded to Iowa City at 321 Market Street, as one of 11 branches in Iowa and Illinois. From the Iowa City location they distributed Zoller and Topping beers as well as Hur-Mon soda/pop beverages. They employed 250-300 people and their annual output was 150,000 barrels of beer that was distributed in nine states and in 2,000 cities. The company changed its name to the Blackhawk Brewery in 1945. It ended production in 1952 with the rise of national brands.</p><br>
<p>The Uchtorff Brewing Company operated out of the facility for several years before they folded. The building has been used by North American Van Lines as a warehouse in subsequent years.</p><br>
<p>Plans to turn the building back into a brewery with a museum started in 2019. Andrew Arnold says that the location will have a museum in the front of the building, a pub on the main floor, a brewery in the back, and a place for local brewers to grow their craft on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Development of the brewery was put on hold indefinitely in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of May 2023, the building is still for sale.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The former brewery is an example of a combined office and industrial building from the 19th century. It is a two-story, brick structure that features a tripartite front, nine window-bays on each side and segmental arches. It has a recessed entrance with engaged piers, entablature and shallow pediment.</p><br>
<p>Littig Brothers/Mengel & Klindt/Eagle Brewery is located in a residential and light industrial area of the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The beer brewing industry in Davenport got its start after large numbers of German immigrants arrived in Davenport in the 1850s. They brought both the demand and the knowledge needed for the breweries to develop and succeed in Davenport. Most of the operations in the city were small until after the American Civil War. Five large breweries were functioning in the city in the late 19th century: Mathias Frahm and Son, Koehler and Lange (also known as Arsenal Brewery), Littig Brothers (later Mengel and Klindt, then Eagle Brewery), Julius Lehrkind&#39;s Brewery and Zoeller Brothers. They all grew steadily between 1860 and 1890. They made $52,000 in 1860; $93,000 in 1870; $178,370 in 1880; and $832,700. Their distribution was mainly in the local area of Davenport, Rock Island, Illinois and Moline, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>Peter Littig opened a small brewery before the Civil War and by 1860 it employed six people and its annual output was $16,800. This building was constructed around 1865 and by 1870 the brewery&#39;s name had changed to Littig Brothers. During this same period, it was also known as Eagle Brewery. German immigrants George Mengel and Henry Klindt bought the operation in 1876. Before the turn of the 20th-century, it was known as Mengel & Klindt, Eagle Brewery, J. Lage & Co. and Lage, Mengel & Klindt.</p><br>
<p>In 1894 all the breweries consolidated into a single corporate structure called The Davenport Malting Company. They built a new building in the west end that contained some of the first refrigeration equipment used in the city. As they built new additions to the plant they closed the older structures. This building was used until about 1898. Davenport Malting Company was divided into two firms in 1904, Davenport Brewing Co. and Hawkeye Realty Co. Production reached a high of 75,000 barrels of beer by 1916, and was the second largest brewery in Iowa. It closed that year when national Prohibition became law.</p><br>
<p>This facility housed other industrial concerns over the years. In the early 20th century it was one of the locations for the Davenport Pearl Button Co.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The former brewery is a typical 19th-century industrial building and functional architecture. It is a three-story unadorned structure feature segmental arches and stone sills. The first floor, which is built into the side of a hill, is believed to be brick or stone that has subsequently been covered by concrete and stucco.</p><br>
<p>The Nicholas J. Kuhnen House is a historic building located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Nicholas J. Kuhnen</h2><br>
<p>Nicholas Kuhnen was born in Prussia and immigrated to the United States in the 19th century, settling in Davenport. He set up a small tobacco shop in 1854. Prior to the American Civil War, he expanded his business to include cigar wholesaling and manufacturing. He became one of four cigar manufacturers in the city at that time. In the 1860s he distributed free tobacco seeds to area farmers in the hopes of acquiring a reliable local supply of tobacco. The effort did not work to Kuhnen&#39;s benefit as the farmers found the necessary care of the plants to be too much work for them. By the 1880s he had the largest cigar factory north of St. Louis, Missouri and west of Chicago and at times employed 500 people.</p><br>
<p>He had to deal with two labor strikes in the 1880s. The workers were protesting low pay, poor working conditions, and long hours. The first strike ended after a short time because of the workers&#39; fear of the management. The second strike had the assistance of the International Cigar Makers Union under the leadership of Peter Knickrehm, a cigar maker himself and a Socialist. It weakened the company financially, but Kuhnen emerged from the strike victorious and the company continued in business until 1915. Alex Anderson and Frank Rhoades took over the business after Kuhnen and they were succeeded by Smith, Reimers and Company.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Unlike many German immigrants to Davenport who lived on the west side of town, especially in what is now known as the Hamburg Historic District, Kuhnen built his home on the east side of town. The house was designed by Davenport architect John Ross. It follows the Italianate style, which was popular in the city at the time. Unlike some of the earlier manifestations of the style in Davenport that favored the simplicity derived from the Greek Revival, the Kuhnen House features high Victorian embellishment. It is a two-story structure that is situated on a large corner lot. It features bracketed eaves, a central pavilion that protrudes from the main façade, a porch that covers two-thirds of the front of the building, projecting bays, and triangular roof dormers. Brick and stone are utilized to achieve a polychrome exterior. There is also a variety of window styles employed on the house.</p><br>
<p>The Mackay Estate Gate Lodge is a historic gatehouse located in the Incorporated Village of East Hills in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mackay Estate Gate Lodge was designed in 1899 and built between 1900 and 1902 by architect Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White in the French Baroque style. It is a small but imposing stone building with a central entrance flanked by small square lodges and topped by a steep slate mansard and pyramidal roof. The central vehicular entrance contains a wrought iron gate of elaborate design. The house was originally a component of Clarence Mackay&#39;s Harbor Hill Estate.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is one of three remaining buildings which got listed at that time – the others are the Mackay Estate Dairyman&#39;s Cottage and the Mackay Estate Water Tower.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the deed to the Mackay Estate Gate Lodge was transferred to the Village of East Hills from the Town of North Hempstead.</p><br>
<p>On Tuesday, January 25, 2022, the Village of East Hills and Roslyn Landmark Society began a full restoration of the gate lodge, including the stabilization of the slate roof, and the restoration of the doors and windows.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse in Norfolk, Nebraska, United States, was built in 1904. Designed by James Knox Taylor, it includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture. It served historically as a courthouse, as a correctional facility, and as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The building is now privately owned, and houses a number of offices. It has been named the McMill Building, the "McMill" deriving not from a person&#39;s name, but from the date in Roman numbers, MCMIII, above the west entrance.</p><br>
<p>Mackay Estate Water Tower is a historic water tower located in the Incorporated Village of East Hills in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The tower was originally a component of Clarence Mackay&#39;s Harbor Hill Estate.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The tower is a utilitarian structure manufactured by the Phillipsburg, New Jersey-baed firm of Tippett and Wood. The tank is round in plan and topped by a bell-shaped slate roof and copper cupola. The tank stands on eight legs, each of which is 34 feet tall.</p><br>
<p>Originally a component of Clarence Mackay&#39;s Harbor Hill Estate, the water tower and tank are concealed inside a tall structure designed by Stanford White that is constructed of stone, laid in random ashlar, and the roof is spanned by a Guastavino tile dome.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is one of three remaining buildings which were listed at that time – the others are the Mackay Estate Dairyman&#39;s Cottage and Mackay Estate Gate Lodge.</p><br>
<p>The George Washington Denton House  is a historic home located in the Incorporated Village of Flower Hill, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It was built sometime between 1873 and 1875. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and was designated a Village of Flower Hill Historic Landmark in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The home is a rectangular, 2-story wood-frame building with a two-stage rear service ell in a vernacular Italian Villa style. It features a -story engaged tower, semi-octagonal bay windows, and an L-shaped wraparound verandah.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property is a brick ice house built into the side of a hill.</p><br>
<p>The Long Island Rail Road&#39;s 1877 guidebook, "Long Island & Where to Go", made mention of this home; the George Washington Denton House is one of four places of interest in the Roslyn area to be mentioned in this publication.</p><br>
<p>The home is featured in the Roslyn Landmark Society&#39;s 1986 house tour guide, on pages 414 through 423.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built at some point between 1873 and 1875 by lawyer George Washington Denton.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, Allene Tew Buchard, a socialite from Locust Valley and the wife of Anson Wood Buchard, purchased the Denton House and the rest of the property. She named the house the Greta–Theo Holiday House; she named it after her daughter Greta and her son Theodore – both of whom died one year earlier from the Spanish Flu.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, Buchard donated the property to the Girls Service League of America, following her husbands 1927 death. She donated the property upon moving to Europe after remarrying to Prince Heinrich XXXIII.</p><br>
<p>The Horatio Gates Onderdonk House is a historic home located in the hamlet of Strathmore, within the Census-designated place  of Manhasset, in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1836 and is a Greek Revival style building with a two-story, three bay central mass flanked by one story, one bay wings. It features a giant portico supported by four Doric order columns. By 1933, the Onderdonk farm was purchased for development by Levitt and Sons, who built the neighboring North Strathmore community. The house served as an office facility for the development, until the formation of the Strathmore Association, a membership organization composed of the owners of Strathmore property. The house and four corner plots adjoining "The Circle" were conveyed to the association on December 3, 1936, and the property has been maintained by the Strathmore Association since that time.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Cornell-Van Nostrand House  is a historic home located in the hamlet of Manhasset Hills, in the Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house was moved to its present location, on the grounds of Clinton G. Martin Park in Manhasset Hills, in 1952. It is a two-story, architecturally mixed wood-frame building containing an early 19th-century section, two mid-19th-century sections, and an early 20th-century addition. It is arranged in a T-shaped plan on a concrete foundation with brick above grade. It features a single-height portico with square Doric order columns and a simple entablature, built about 1850.</p><br>
<p>It was designated a Town of North Hempstead Landmark in 2005. Two years later, in 2007, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>By the 2010s, the house fell into a state of advanced disrepair, boarded up and exposed to the elements via numerous holes in the roof. In 2017, an extensive rehabilitation & restoration project was subsequently undertaken by the Town of North Hempstead, bringing the structure back to a state of good repair. The project was executed through a $500,000 New York State grant.</p><br>
<p>Almeron and Olive Smith House is a historic home located in the Incorporated Village of Plandome in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Almeron and Olive Smith House was built in 1907 and is a -story building with a cross-gabled, overhanging roof. It features a 1-story wraparound porch and has elements of Colonial Revival design. Also on the property is a contributing garage. It was one of the first residences built on lands developed by the Plandome Land Company.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Dodge Homestead is a historic home in Port Washington, Nassau County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is a settlement-era farmhouse dated to 1721 with additions completed in approximately 1750 and 1903. It is a -story, L-shaped, heavy timber-frame building sheathed with natural cedar wood shingles. The main block has a saltbox shape and there is a nearly square, -story gable-roofed wing. Also on the property are a contributing barn (1880), privy (1886), chicken coop, and shed. It is operated as a historic house museum by the Cow Neck Peninsula Historical Society, which has its headquarters in the Sands-Willets Homestead, another historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Dodge Homestead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Sands-Willets Homestead is a historic house and museum located within the Incorporated Village of Flower Hill in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.</p><br>
<p>It is operated as a historic house museum by the Cow Neck Peninsula Historical Society, is designated as a Village of Flower Hill Landmark and a New York State Landmark, in addition to being listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Main House</h3><br>
<p>The Sands-Willets Homestead is a 20-room, shingled 2-story building with an enlarged porch and porte cochere. The west wing dates to about 1735.</p><br>
<p>When he home was built, it was the centerpiece of a 240-acre (97 ha) farm. At the time, the property stretched from Manhasset Bay at its western edge to Hempstead Harbor at its eastern edge, which was convenient for shipping produce to New York City and points beyond. Over time, sections of the farm would be sold to developers and often turned into suburban housing developments, ultimately leading to the property nowadays having an area of less than 1 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Cow Neck Peninsula Historical Society purchased the home from Eliza Willets in 1976, for the purpose of preserving and restoring it, and turning it into a museum, research, and educational center.</p><br>
<h3>Barn and garden</h3><br>
<p>A contributing barn and a garden are also located on the property. The barn, which dates to the late 17th Century, was moved to the property in 1978.</p><br>
<h3>2020s renovations and accessibility upgrades</h3><br>
<p>The Historical Society received a grant for capital improvements, in December 2020. A $125,525 grant from the Robert David Lion Gardiner Foundation enabled the Society to renovate building&#39;s porch, and make other improvements, which enabled individuals in wheelchairs, or pushing baby stollers, to share in tours. The renovations were made in ways that preserve the original heritage value of the house.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Scenes for the HBO series Boardwalk Empire were filmed in the Sands-Willets House.</p><br>
<p>The City Hall of Moscow, Idaho, formerly known as the Moscow Post Office and Courthouse and Moscow Federal Building, was built in 1911. Its red brick with ivory terracotta trim reflects Late Victorian and Eclectic architecture.</p><br>
<p>As a federal building, it served historically as a post office and a courthouse of the USA District Court for the District of Idaho. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, Two years later, it was acquired by the city from the General Services Administration for $70,000, with half of that funded from the state historical society. At the time, the land alone was valued at $100,000.</p><br>
<p>Rejected for use as a library in 1979, it became a community center in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>A bond issue to fund a renovation was defeated in late 1986, it became the city hall of the municipality in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse is a post office and federal courthouse located at 200 North Eighth Street in Quincy, Illinois. The building was designed in 1885 and completed in 1887. Architect Mifflin E. Bell, Supervising Architect at the time, designed the French Renaissance Revival style building. Bells design was inspired by Richard Morris Hunts design for the William K. Vanderbilt House in New York City; at the time, the French Renaissance Revival style had not spread to Illinois, which made Bells work distinctive in the region. The buildings design features a limestone exterior, arched entrances and first-floor windows, and an ornate roof with pointed gables and dormers.</p><br>
<p>The building, also known as the Orville H. Browning Station, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 2, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Dorrance Mansion is a historic house built in 1862–63, located at 300 Radcliffe St., Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania on the Delaware River in the Bristol Historic District. The house represents the lavish life of Bristol&#39;s early Victorian industrialists. It is considered one of the grandest homes on Radcliffe Street and is the only example of residential Italianate architecture in Bristol. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick mansion is nearly unchanged since its construction. An illusion of great height is given by the symmetrical front facade with the windows on the upper floors decreasing in their proportions. The rear three-story porch and five-story elliptical central tower are especially distinctive. The tower contains a winding staircase that extends from the basement to the top of the tower. The original kitchen is in the basement, and the tower contains a second staircase that connects the kitchen with the dining room. The river level foundation is built of random coursed fieldstone.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Dorrance, Sr., bought an interest in Bristol Mills about 1827 and later bought out his partners. The mills themselves were constructed in 1701. Dorrance became a director in companies involved in steamboat lines, railroads, and shipping. He participated in local business, politics, and government from 1835 to 1860. During this time the mills sold corn meal to the West Indies and to Southern States. Dorrance lived across the street while the mansion was being built on a lot he bought in 1828.</p><br>
<p>After his death in 1869, Dorrances sons sold the mills, which included a mill race and pond, a saw mill, a grist mill, a lumber yard, canal stables, coal sheds, a blacksmith shop, a store, and two houses. Dorrances sons inherited the mansion and John, Jr. bought out his brother in 1879. The son of John, Jr., G. Morris Dorrance, later inherited the mansion. The Dorrance family kept the mansion until 1921; soon it was bought by the Bristol Knights of Columbus. The mansion returned to use as a private residence in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Another son of John Dorrance, Sr., Arthur was an early investor and manager of the Campbell Soup Company. Arthur hired his nephew, John Thompson Dorrance, sometimes known as John Dorrance III, who developed the companys condensed soup line, and in 1915 became sole owner of the company. John Thompson Dorrances grandson, also known as John Dorrance III, sold his share of the company in 1995-96 for about $1.5 billion, and with a 2009 net worth of $2.3 billion was listed as number 296 in the Forbes list of the world&#39;s richest people.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office and Courthouse in Augusta, Georgia is a U-shaped building that was built during 1915-16 as a post office and courthouse, with elements of Italian Renaissance Revival architecture including creamy marble walls and a red mission tile roof. Design credit is to USA Supervising Architect Oscar Wenderoth. The building was extended to the rear in 1936, and received interior modernizations in 1960 and 1971. It was vacated and extensively rehabilitated during 1992–96.</p><br>
<p>Also known as United States Courthouse, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It was deemed significant architecturally as an excellent example of Italian Renaissance Revival style, and historically as a symbol of Federal government presence in Augusta.</p><br>
<p>The C. Bascom Slemp Federal Building, also known as the Big Stone Gap Post Office and USA Post Office and Courthouse, is a historic courthouse and post office building located in Big Stone Gap, Wise County, Virginia. It was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James Knox Taylor and built between 1911 and 1913. It is a three-story, seven-bay, stone building with a low hipped roof in the Second Renaissance Revival style. The front facade features a three-bay Tuscan order portico consisting of four pairs of coupled, unfluted columns. The building is named for Congressman C. Bascom Slemp.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Walter E. Hoffman United States Courthouse, formerly known as the USA Post Office and Courthouse, is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in Norfolk, Virginia. Built in 1932, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, reflecting Art Deco architecture. Historically it served as a courthouse and additionally as a post office.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse, located in downtown Norfolk, was constructed as a Post Office and Courthouse in 1932–34. Local Norfolk architects, Benjamin F. Mitchell and the firm of Rudolph, Cooke, and VanLeeuwen, were jointly responsible for the architectural design. Although built during the Depression, the building is quite lavish in its design and finishes. Upon its completion, this four-story, gray limestone building was considered at the time to fall "little short of magnificence", according to the local paper, the Virginian-Pilot. The elaborate Art Deco interior is marked with a high level of craftsmanship.</p><br>
<p>During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the city of Norfolk experienced an explosion of prosperity, in part due to the rapid growth of the Naval Base. The need for a new, larger courthouse and post office was becoming so acute that temporary postal stations were established to handle the overflow of postal congestion. At the time, the courthouse and Post Office were both housed in the circa 1898 Federal Courthouse at 235 E. Plume Street. In 1915, a committee was appointed and headed by Norfolk&#39;s Mayor Wyndham R. Mayo to petition Congress for an appropriation of funds for the construction of a new Federal building in the city. The committee included Postmaster Major Clinton L. Wright, as well as many civic and business leaders. This petition was never approved, despite being submitted and resubmitted throughout the 1920s as the need for more space increased. In 1922, funds to acquire temporary housing for mail operations were allocated.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, Congress made a tentative allocation of $1.15 million for the Norfolk Federal building. Menalcus Lankford, Congressman elect from Norfolk, and Postmaster Major Wright, successfully realized $2.05 million in appropriations for the federal building. A site was selected on January 12, 1931. The location consisted of two small blocks between Brambleton Avenue on the north, East Bute Street on the south, Monticello Avenue on the east and Granby Street on the west, bisected by York Street. The site consisted of approximately 81,000 square feet, part of which had been occupied by St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church, destroyed by fire ten years earlier.</p><br>
<p>On April 9, 1931, the Virginian-Pilot announced that a team formed by local architect Benjamin F. Mitchell in association with the firm of Rudolph, Cooke and VanLeeuwen was selected to design the new building. B.F. Mitchell, an architect of many Norfolk projects, had worked for the city in the planning and building of the City Market. He designed Booker T. Washington High School and Southgate Terminal, one of the largest construction projects in the area. The firm of Mitchell, Rudolph, Cooke and VanLeeuwen was known for designing several apartment buildings, the addition to the Virginia Beach Casino, and several buildings in North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Bids were opened in Washington on April 11, 1932 for the construction of the foundation of Norfolk&#39;s new Federal Building. The Virginia Engineering Company of Newport News won the contract with the lowest offer of $210,000. Part of the bid required that the foundation of the building was to be completed in 120 days.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the remainder of the building was opened for bid on October 21, 1932. Shortly after this time, the Treasury Department decided to reduce the building to four stories in height instead of five stories. The construction contract was awarded to Consolidated Engineering Company (Baltimore, MD) with the low bid of $1,034,000. Although the height of the building was scaled down, measures were taken during construction to allow for the addition of a fifth story at a future date. Although more than $2 million had been appropriated for the construction, the funding was later cut to $1,925,000. The building&#39;s total cost was $2.71 million, including $575,000 for the purchase of the site and $210,000 for construction of the foundation.</p><br>
<p>John Rapelye was selected to serve as the consulting engineer by the Treasury Department in January, 1933. By the following September, the cornerstone was laid "with solemn rites" (The Virginian-Pilot, September 8, 1933). Postmaster General James A. Farley and Virginia Senator Harry Byrd were among the special guests who spoke at the ceremony. The building was officially complete on October 14, 1934, when the keys to the building were turned over to the Post Office by Rapelye. However, the Post Office did not move into its quarters until the following week, October 21, 1934. The courthouses were moved in shortly afterwards. The Post Office remained in the building for 50 years, moving to a separate facility in 1984. At this time the remainder of the building was rehabilitated for additional courthouses for the USA District Court of Eastern Virginia. The building, renamed the Walter E. Hoffman USA Courthouse, was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in October, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Although this outstanding Art Deco building is one of only a few Art Deco federal buildings in the Tidewater area, the building reflects a national trend in Federal building design of the 1930s that became the Art Moderne style of the 1930s and 1940s. These new federal buildings were monumental in scale, a tribute to the democratic ideals of the 1930s, with reference to the strength of the government. A Virginian-Pilot article from September 22, 1934 noted that the building was "fashioned in conservative modernistic design and giving the impression of unlimited stability and bulk." Compared to the earlier Beaux Arts style, the designs were restrained in ornament, expressing a new attitude that was fresh, clean-lined and modern in the simplicity of the forms and materials. The building illustrates the strong rectilinear qualities associated with the Art Deco style, and later Art Moderne style, and incorporates classical features popular in earlier governmental buildings.</p><br>
<p>Also typical of the Art Deco style was the choice and use of the materials. Limestone is the primary exterior material, with a contrasting dark granite base and decorated aluminum spandrels between aluminum-framed windows. On the interior, the design and use of slick materials, such as granite, marble, aluminum, are presented in a simply composed geometric design with a high level of refinement. All of the cast aluminum designs are the work of a young local artist, Wyatt Hibbs. "All the appointments here are ultramodern, combining beauty with utility to a high degree" (Virginian-Pilot, September 8, 1934). It is the materials and their exquisite design and treatment that separates the building from the general body of Depression era work. Although the buildings designed and constructed under the WPA/PWA programs present similar stylistic devices and some of the same materials, the economic situation forced a more restrained approach, eventually resulting in a distinct style - the Art Moderne. Significant to the building&#39;s history is the short period of time required for its construction, just over two years. Today, having undergone a complete rehabilitation, with relatively few exceptions, both the exterior and interior are in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>The Walter E. Hoffman Courthouse stands as a significant Federal building, contributing to the architectural and historic character of Norfolk. It specifically enhances its streetscape as part of a planned complex of civic structures.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The Walter E. Hoffman USA District Courthouse is a trapezoidal-shaped building located on an irregular-shaped lot covering a two-city block area. The building is four stories in height, plus a basement. The primary (west) elevation fronts directly onto Granby Street and is 311 feet wide. The north elevation, facing Brambleton Avenue, is 218 feet wide. The south elevation, facing Bute Street, is the smallest side at 140 feet wide, and the east elevation, facing Monticello Avenue, is the longest at 321 feet wide.</p><br>
<p>The building illustrates many significant characteristics of the Art Deco style that were popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Its streamlined, elegant, and rectilinear designs and polished materials are mixed with simplified classical features that are typical of nationally designed government buildings.</p><br>
<p>The stepped-back, simplified ziggurat massing of the building establishes a long east–west horizontal axis with smaller, vertical axes at the main and secondary entrances. The second through fourth stories are stepped back from the partially below-ground basement and first story. The exterior walls terminate with a decorative parapet at both the first story and roof. The form and massing combined with two types of carved ornament also serve to distinguish the separate services of post office and courthouse.</p><br>
<p>All of the exterior elevations of the building are clad in light gray limestone wall panels set above a substantial base of polished black granite, approximately seven feet in height. Ordered fenestration, typically paired one-over-one aluminum-framed windows, organizes all facades. At the basement level, the original paired metal windows with metal louvers provide natural light and ventilation.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s main entrance is located on the west elevation, with three secondary entrances (now fire exits) on the west and east elevations. The full-height main entrance bay projects beyond the main facade and extends to the penthouse level on the roof. The secondary entrances are alike in design, and rise three stories in height. The architectural features at these entrances are similar to the main entrance, but are smaller in scale and simpler in decoration. All of the entrances feature simple aluminum-framed plate glass doors with brass hardware in a distinctive Art Deco design.</p><br>
<p>On the north elevation, the first and last bays project as one-story wings. The original loading dock platform and canopy for the postal area, located between the one-story wings, was removed in 1985. The area was infilled using replicated materials, features, and design motifs from adjoining facades: carved stone banding, aluminum double-hung windows, and polished black granite base. A new ramp with polished black granite walls has been installed to provide barrier-free access to the building. The upper part of the north elevation is flanked on either end by two full-height limestone-clad towers that handle furnace exhaust.</p><br>
<p>An interior court originally featured three skylights which provided natural light to the first floor postal workroom below. These have been removed and the openings infilled with a flat roof slab. These skylights were originally designed to provide natural light to the first floor postal workroom.</p><br>
<p>Since the postal function was removed in 1983, the building functions only as a courthouse, with several of the historic courtrooms largely intact on the third floor. Although additional courtrooms have been added, all have been executed with a high level of craftsmanship, featuring solid wood full-height paneling and carved wood details. Many secondary spaces throughout the building have been rehabilitated and renovated over the years, but were carefully fitted with replications of the original wood details: solid wood base, chairrail, window sills and stools, door casings, and paneled doors. In many cases the original materials were cleaned or refinished and reinstalled. In many of the secondary spaces and hallways, modern dropped ceilings and fluorescent lighting have been added, concealing the original plaster ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The first and third floors are historically the most elaborate with a lavish application of marbles, terrazzo, and ornamental cast aluminum finishes. The first floor L-shaped Main Lobby features full-height marble wall panels in a "crotch mahogany" or butterfly pattern. The marble floor is presented in a herringbone design with alternating tones of pink and rose marble, edged with a green marble border. Three of the six original oblong writing tables, made of marble and cast aluminum, remain in the north–south portion of the Main Lobby.</p><br>
<p>The original main courtroom on the third floor (USDC Courtroom #1), and adjoining Courtroom Lobby and Judge&#39;s Chambers, are equally lavish. Cream-colored mansota marble lines the walls of the Courtroom Lobby; the Main Courtroom, largely intact, features a mansota marble wainscot and classically detailed acoustic stone walls and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The original, utilitarian postal workroom and offices on the first and second floors have been carefully rehabilitated for judicial offices and courtrooms. The basement houses the major machinery and provides storage space. The building has been adapted for barrier-free use and dead-end corridors were eliminated to comply with fire codes.</p><br>
<p>The organization of the site and its landscape treatment is typical of freestanding urban buildings. The building is approached from Granby Street, with reserved parking on the Bute Street and Brambleton Avenue sides. The building retains its original pink granite curbs and steps. The landscaping has been confined to a narrow strip between the building and the sidewalk on the east and west elevations. Minimal plantings remain on the south elevation, originally designed as an open grass panel surrounded by an oval grove walk and a ring of plantings.</p><br>
<p>The Everett Chambers or Hotel Everett is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential building at 47-55 Oak Street in Downtown Portland, Maine. Built in 1902 to a design by local architect Frederick Tompson, it is an important surviving example of a lodging house , built early in the transition period from the 19th century boarding house  to more modern 20th-century transient accommodations. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Everett Chambers building is located one block off Congress Street, Portland&#39;s central commercial thoroughfare, at the northern corner of Oak and Free Streets. The street-facing facades of this five-story building are faced in brick, with limestone trim elements. The Oak Street facade has four retail storefronts on the street level, articulated by brick pilasters, with a clipped corner providing access to a single storefront facing Free Street. The Oak Street facade is fourteen bays wide, divided roughly into groups of three on shared sills, with a single separate bay at the corner, and a projecting polygonal metal-faced bay near the center, above the main building entrance. Courses of projecting brickwork separate the third and fourth floors. The interior of the upper floors is divided into single-room accommodations, intended for one or two person occupancy. Many rooms retain original features, including decorative wood finishes and fixtures such as sinks. Bathrooms, which were shared among all of the tenants, are located on each floor.</p><br>
<p>Everett Chambers was built in 1902 to a design by Frederick Tompson, a prominent local architect, and is one of the best-preserved local examples of his work. It represented a relatively new trend in accommodations for transients (typically staying for one month or less), providing lodging but not meals, as earlier boarding houses did. It was originally three stories in height, and was extended in height in 1926 to add additional rooms. Despite its intended use as transient housing, the building had several long-term residents who lived there for several years. One well-known transient resident was Admiral Robert E. Peary. The building was operated as a lodging house until 1971; it is now used as a dormitory, housing students of the nearby Maine College of Art.</p><br>
<p>The Portland Packing Company Factory is an historic factory building at 14-26 York Street in Portland, Maine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Built in 1884, it was home to Maine&#39;s oldest and largest vegetable canning company until 1927. After years of neglect, it was rehabilitated in 1995-6. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Portland Packing Company Factory building is located in Portland&#39;s downtown area, on the east side of York Street opposite the end of Danforth Street. The building is a two-story brick structure, shaped roughly like a parallelogram. Due to the sloping lot, the rear (east side) of the building has a fully exposed third floor. It has a flat roof and rests on a rubblestone foundation. The main facade is divided into six similar sections, separated by wide pilasters. Each section has three bays, most of which are windows set in segmented-arch openings, and is topped by a line of corbelling, and has a band of projecting brickwork between the first and second levels. Three of the sections have a loading door instead of a window at the central bay, and there is one section where the entire ground floor is taken by a half-round opening with a large entrance sized (but no longer used) for vehicular access.</p><br>
<p>The Portland Packing Company was founded about 1862, by the merger of two smaller packing companies. By the turn of the 20th century, the company was Maines largest vegetable canning business, an industry that exceeded the combined size of the states slate, granite, and ice harvesting business in economic importance. This building was part of one of thirteen factories operated by the company in the state, and was built in 1884. Its design is attributed to Portland architect Francis H. Fassett on stylistic grounds. It functioned primarily as a storage facility, and was in 1927 sold to Blake Rounds Supply Company. After some years of vacancy and neglect, it was rehabilitated for commercial use in 1995-6.</p><br>
<p>The F.O.J. Smith Tomb is an historic tomb in Evergreen Cemetery in Portland, Maine. It is the tomb of Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith , US Congressman 1833-39. It was probably built by Smith in 1860, at the time of his daughter Lizzies death, and is one of Maines most sophisticated expressions of Egyptian Revival architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Smith tomb is located near Pond and Ash Avenues in the western portion of Evergreen Cemetery, a rural cemetery in Portland&#39;s western Deering neighborhood. The tomb is a granite structure, most of which is covered by a mound of earth, leaving only the front facade. It is in the form of an Egyptian pylon, mostly fashioned out of roughly finished granite blocks, topped by a projecting rolled cornice. Dressed stone caps the sloping sides of the facade, and forms the pylon-shaped entrance to the tomb. A sun disk motif is set above the cornice that tops the doorway, above which a panel is set with "F.O.J.S." in raised relief. The door to the tomb is marble, and bears the following inscription:</p><br>
<p>NATURE</p><br>
<p>teaches that</p><br>
<p>All Flesh Must Die.</p><br>
<p>RELIGION</p><br>
<p>inspires Hope that all</p><br>
<p>Spiritual Beings will</p><br>
<p>live forever, in spheres</p><br>
<p>and forms to which they</p><br>
<p>are fitted.</p><br>
<p>Believe in</p><br>
<p>GOD,</p><br>
<p>and fear not to leave wholly</p><br>
<p>to Him the Great Future.</p><br>
<p>His plans for Heaven</p><br>
<p>as for Earth must be</p><br>
<p>All-wise, Benevolent</p><br>
<p>Immutable.</p><br>
<p>All men can know of future life.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith was one of Maine&#39;s more colorful political personalities of the mid-19th century. He controversially opposed a state lottery to fund the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, and was politically peripatetic, supporting Whigs, Democrats, and Republicans in both his political and journalistic activities. He was an early advocate of the telegraph, supporting the work of Samuel F.B. Morse, and engaged in a number of high-profile failed business ventures.</p><br>
<p>His tomb was built on his Portland estate about 1860, around the time when his daughter Lizzie died. In 1876, when his estate was subdivided after his death, the tomb and its contents were moved to Evergreen Cemetery. The design is believed to be Smith&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The Eastman Cottage is a historic home located in the Incorporated Village of Roslyn in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was built about 1870 and is a -story picturesque cottage in the tradition of Andrew Jackson Downing and Calvert Vaux. It is rectangular in plan, with a small gabled kitchen wing and an attached privy or woodshed. It features board and batten siding and a hip-roofed front porch supported by four columns with scroll-sawn brackets. It is the only survivor of three similar cottages at this location.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on both the National Register of Historic Places and the New York State Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Willet Titus House is a historic residential building located at Roslyn in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1860 and is a 2-story Italianate-style frame house with an above-grade basement story at the west end. It consists of a 2-story, rectangular main block with a three-bay side entrance facade and a recessed -story two-bay wing. It features porches at the front of the main block and wing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Adams Warner House is a historic home located at Roslyn in Nassau County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Samuel Adams Warner and built about 1875 and is a -story, vernacular Swiss chalet–style frame dwelling on a partially excavated stone basement. It features a broad, overhanging gable roof with jerkin heads. An L-shaped gallery projects from the south and west sides, and the gallery deck is embellished by scroll-sawn fascia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Clapham-Stern House, also known as Wenlo and originally known as Stone House, is a historic mansion located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York. It was originally built between 1868 and 1872 and turned into a premier estate in 1906 after being purchased by department store magnate Benjamin Stern. It is an asymmetrical -story dwelling resting on a full basement. It consists of a main block with wings to the north and south, a tower, and a piazza wrapping around the south and west sides. It is constructed of rough-faced gray Greenwich granite accented by limestone. It has a moderately pitched hipped slate roof with copper cresting. After a major fire in 1960, the house was returned to a High Victorian Gothic style. Also on the property there is a contributing bathhouse dated to the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Clifton is a historic mansion located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York. The main house is a large, -story, Flemish Revival building constructed about 1863 and altered twice between 1876 and 1932. It features a complex roof plan, including numerous gables in the forms of cross gables, wall dormers and roof dormers, most of which are Flemish gables with bold molding. Also on the property are a contributing boathouse and rustic gazebo.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Greenridge-Arthur Williams House is a historic mansion located at 875 Bryant Avenue in the Village of Roslyn Harbor, in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The large, -story mansion is designed in the Jacobethan Revival–style. It is constructed of concrete and faced in red brick.</p><br>
<p>The house features a steeply pitched slate roof with projecting bays, gables, dormers, and deep eaves. A two-story, gable-roofed Great Hall wing has a stone clad foundation and terminates in a five-sided bay to the north. Also on the property is a contributing, former ice house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Canfield–Wright House, known alternatively as Wrightland and The Pink Lady, is a historic structure in Del Mar, California. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on May 14, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1910 for Charles A. Canfield. Canfield convinced the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to switch from coal to oil-burning locomotives. He ultimately invested his wealth in real estate.</p><br>
<p>Intending the house as a second home, Canfield chose architect John C. Austin, who would also design the Southern Land Company&#39;s Hotel Del Mar and go on to design major Southern California landmarks such as Los Angeles City Hall and the Griffith Observatory. The house was designed in the Mission and Spanish Revival styles with influences of an Italian villa and sited with a view of the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Canfield died in 1913. The house stayed in the Canfield family until 1923, when it was sold to the Wright family. The structure was only minimally altered: small additions were made to the main residence and outbuildings, and a large retaining wall was added to the property. By the end of the twentieth century, the structure was being rented and had been painted a bright pink. Helped by groups such as the Save Our Heritage Organisation, citizens pressured the City of Del Mar, which previously had no preservation ordinances or incentives for preservation, in city council and design review board meetings, delaying the permit. Within six months of the house&#39;s being threatened with demolition, a new owner stepped forward to purchase the property and restore it. The new owner, a developer who lived nearby, presented development plans that were judged to be in compliance with historic-preservation guidelines. The home was restored over a four-year period from 2004 to 2008. It remains a private residence, currently owned by Marc and Patty Brutten.</p><br>
<p>Mudge Farmhouse is a historic home located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York. It was moved to its present location about 1920. It dates to the 18th century and is built of oak timbers. It features the original front Dutch door entry. Alterations and additions occurred when the house was moved. They are believed to have been designed by John Russell Pope, brother-in-law of the owner at the time, Robert Patchin.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Stephen and Charles Smith House is a historic home located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1860 and is a -story timber frame dwelling with a -story ell in a vernacular Italianate style. It features a full-width porch on the front elevation. From 1892 to 1914, it was the property of Nora Godwin, granddaughter of William Cullen Bryant.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Springbank is a historic home located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1835 and expanded and modified in 1880. A two-story rear addition was completed in 1959. It exhibits building construction and stylistic details from a number of periods. The first renovation was a conversion of the original simple dwelling to a Swiss cottage style building. Details added include the Dutch door main entry, full front porch, overhanging roof, front dormer, and a seven-foot addition. It features a deep front porch on the front elevation with sawn brackets. The property was once owned by the family of William Cullen Bryant.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Willowmere  is a historic mansion located at 435 Bryant Avenue in the Village of Roslyn Harbor, in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Willowmere was originally constructed around 1750 as a -story, gambrel-roofed dwelling with a five-bay front facade. It was expanded in 1893. It was the property of Admiral Aaron Ward (1851-1918) – a rose lover. The portico was added in 1926, when the house was renovated to the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Roslyn House  is a historic hotel located in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story Italianate style building that was constructed around 1870. It is a rectangular, five-bay-wide frame building, clad in clapboards and set on a brick foundation. It has a hipped roof. It features a second-story porch along the front and south facades supported by Doric order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Sands Family Cemetery is a historic cemetery located in the Incorporated Village of Sands Point in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was established around 1704 and includes burials through 1867. It includes 12 rows of 86 extant headstones. Records indicate the cemetery contains 112 members of the family, relatives, and friends. It includes a number of notable examples of funerary art.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Grace and Thomaston Buildings are two historic commercial buildings located at Great Neck Plaza in Nassau County, New York. The Grace Building was built in 1914 and the Thomaston Building in 1926. They were both built by the W. R. Grace and Company.</p><br>
<h2>Grace Building</h2><br>
<p>The Grace Building, located at 11 Middle Neck Road, is a massive -story brick building shaped like a chevron. It originally housed stores, offices, and apartments. It features a large octagonal tower at its central point and decorative wrought iron balconies adorn several windows.</p><br>
<h2>Thomaston Building</h2><br>
<p>The Thomaston Building, located at 8 Bond Street, is a -story brick building that originally served as headquarters for W. R. Grace Company&#39;s real estate operations. It features a slate covered gable roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 14, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Thomaston Building currently contains 25,000 square feet of space, with 15 office spaces and 2 sidewalk-level restaurants. A 1981 basement-to-rooftop restoration effort fully modernized the building with contemporary amenities, energy efficiencies and private marble bathrooms. Management-sponsored programs such as 8at8, a tenant business networking and education group, help build community and offer business development skills. Unusually, some of the offices feature residential accommodation.</p><br>
<p>The name of the building is attributed to Thomaston, Maine, the hometown of Lillius Gilchrist, wife of William Russell Grace, future mayor of New York and founder of W. R. Grace and Company.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture and design</h3><br>
<p>The Thomaston Building was designed by James O’Connor and constructed in the Station Plaza neighborhood of Great Neck, near the companys global headquarters at 11 Middle Neck Road, also an O’Connor project. A four-story brick mews in Georgian Revival style, the structures distinguishing characteristics include a cross-gabled roof, period showroom windows, round oculus windows and iron-tinted brickwork. Above the first story, a wood belt course with dentil molding separates the floors. On permanent display is a private collection of historic American flags and replicas. In 1978 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a local historic landmark by the Village of Great Neck Plaza.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The building was commissioned by the W. R. Grace Company and built in 1926 to house its international real estate operations. W. R. Grace occupied both buildings until 1971, when it moved to Manhattan. For much of that decade the Thomaston Building housed a multi-vendor ground floor mall, while leasing the space above to private tenants and the Village of Great Neck Plaza, which used the building as its city hall. In 1976 the building was bought by Great Neck realtor Sidney Berg, who preserved the building&#39;s facade as part of a downtown beautification campaign. In 1981 the building was bought by an ownership group headed by Patrick Silberstein. Silberstein oversaw a complete restoration, with particular focus on historic preservation and use of authentic building materials. During this restoration the building was fitted with a greener energy system.</p><br>
<p>The Lee County Courthouse, also known as the South Lee County Courthouse and the USA Post Office and Courthouse, is a historic building located in Keokuk, Iowa, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main building was built from the laying the foundation in April 1887 to its completion on September 30, 1888. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by Lee County and renovated in 1992 as a courthouse for the southern part of the county. The Iowa General Assembly had established Keokuk as the second county seat in 1848, making Lee County as the only Iowa county that has more than one courthouse. The Sullivan Line was used to divide the county into northern and southern sections. Previous buildings that served as the county courthouse in Keokuk include the Sanford Medical College and the old YWCA Building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story brick structure from the 1880s measures 108 by. It reflects Late Victorian and "round-arch Victorian" architecture. The basement and foundation are composed of Bedford limestone. Limestone is also used for the building&#39;s trim and belt courses. The windows on all three floors utilize the round-arch, and they decrease in size from the first to the third floor. A large wall dormer is located in the center of the main facade. Two roof dormers originally flanked it, but they were removed at some point. Wall dormers are also located on the west and south elevations. The gable section on west side of the third floor features terracotta decorative work and corner finials. Similar terracotta panels are located elsewhere on the building. The back of the building features the same decorative work as the front. The first level of the tower on the third floor of the building is original. The next two levels were designed for the 1890 extension, and the top two section are from the original design and reflect the two sections that were removed. The rear addition is also red brick and follows a simple utilitarian style.</p><br>
